Information and Data Requirements for Remote Maritime Pilotage: A Pilot-Centred Perspective
Matej Glišović, Evelin Krmac, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Maritime Studies and Transport, Portorož, Slovenia

Remote maritime pilotage is increasingly recognised as a potential component of future digital maritime operations. While previous studies have primarily focused on technological feasibility, communication systems, and regulatory challenges, considerably less attention has been devoted to identifying the information required by maritime pilots to support safe and effective decision-making in a remote operational environment.
This paper adopts a pilot-centred perspective and examines the information requirements for remote pilotage. Drawing on recent research and operational knowledge from maritime pilotage, it proposes a conceptual framework that classifies pilot information requirements into five categories: navigational, environmental, operational, communication, and perceptual information. For each category, the paper discusses its role in pilot decision-making, the availability of corresponding digital data sources, and the current limitations of remote information delivery.
The analysis indicates that the successful implementation of remote pilotage depends not only on technological advances but also on the completeness, quality, reliability, and integration of information available to the pilot. Particular challenges remain in replicating perceptual information and maintaining situational awareness outside the onboard environment. The proposed framework provides a structured basis for future research on remote pilotage systems and supports the development of human-centred digital solutions for maritime navigation.